In Social Cognitive Theory, what is self-efficacy?

• A. External rewards for performing a behavior
• B. Belief in one's ability to perform a behavior; drives motivation, persistence, and behavior
• C. Social approval required to perform a behavior
• D. Access to resources that enable the behavior

Answer: (B)

Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s ability to perform a specific behavior. In Social Cognitive Theory, that belief is the key driver of motivation, effort, persistence, and ultimately whether a behavior is carried out. When someone feels capable of succeeding, they’re more likely to start a task, set challenging goals, and keep going despite obstacles or setbacks. This differs from external rewards, which influence behavior through reinforcement; social approval, which relates to norms and social pressure; and access to resources, which concerns opportunities and enabling conditions. Self-efficacy can be strengthened through mastery experiences, observing others succeed (vicarious learning), encouragement from others, and managing emotional or physiological states that affect confidence.