Which evaluation occurs at the end of a program when outcomes are assessed?

• A. Formative evaluation
• B. Process evaluation
• C. Summative evaluation
• D. Impact evaluation

Answer: (C)

At the end of a program, evaluating whether the intended outcomes were achieved is known as summative evaluation. This type of assessment focuses on the overall effectiveness and whether the program met its objectives after its completion, using outcome data such as changes in knowledge, behavior, or health status. It answers the question: did the program produce the expected results by its end?

Formative evaluation occurs during implementation to improve the program as it runs. Process evaluation looks at how the program was delivered and whether the activities occurred as planned. Impact evaluation examines longer-term or broader changes attributable to the program, which may extend after the program ends. For an end-of-program check on outcomes, summative evaluation is the best fit.