Which of the following sets includes the constructs described in the Health Belief Model?

• A. Knowledge, Attitude, Skills, Social Support
• B. Motivation, Opportunity, Capability, Environment
• C. Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy
• D. Perceived risk, actual risk, social norms, behavioral intention

Answer: (C)

Health beliefs shape whether a person takes preventive action. The model describes six constructs: perceived susceptibility (belief about the chance of getting a condition), perceived severity (how serious the condition would be), perceived benefits (belief that the advised action will reduce risk or severity), perceived barriers (costs or obstacles to taking action), cues to action (triggers that prompt action), and self-efficacy (confidence in one’s ability to perform the action). This set lists exactly those constructs, so it best matches what the Health Belief Model describes. Other options pull in concepts from different theories or mix terms not part of this model—knowledge, attitude, skills, and social support are general determinants; motivation, opportunity, capability, and environment align with a different framework; and terms like actual risk, social norms, or behavioral intention pair with theories beyond the Health Belief Model.